Which operation typically follows the initial assault phase in an amphibious operation?

In an amphibious operation, the phase that typically follows the initial assault is establishing a secure lodgment. This is a critical step where forces aim to secure a foothold on the shore, enabling them to expand their operations and bring in additional troops and supplies. Achieving a secure lodgment means that the initial assault forces can transition from an offensive presence on the beach to organizing and solidifying a base from which to launch further attacks, consolidate gains, and support the overall tactical objectives of the operation.

The establishment of a secure lodgment is essential for sustaining operations. It allows for the safe buildup of forces, equipment, and supplies necessary to continue military actions and provides a stable position from which additional operations can be planned and executed. This step sets the stage for subsequent phases of the amphibious operation, including possible advances inland and additional operational support, making it a foundational element of success in amphibious warfare.

In contrast, the other options listed do not represent a direct continuation of this critical phase. Air support missions may occur to support the assault but are not a follow-on operation after securing the lodgment. Likewise, retreat protocols and intelligence gathering are not primary actions taken after the initial assault but rather part of a broader operational context.